HTTP 客户端
HTTP 客户端
Section titled “HTTP 客户端”向外部服务发起 HTTP 请求。支持所有 HTTP 方法、头部、查询参数、表单数据、文件上传、流式响应和并发批量请求。
local http_client = require("http_client")HTTP 方法
Section titled “HTTP 方法”所有方法具有相同的签名:method(url, options?) 返回 Response, error。
GET 请求
Section titled “GET 请求”local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/users")if err then return nil, errend
print(resp.status_code) -- 200print(resp.body) -- response bodyPOST 请求
Section titled “POST 请求”local resp, err = http_client.post("https://api.example.com/users", { headers = {["Content-Type"] = "application/json"}, body = json.encode({name = "Alice", email = "alice@example.com"})})PUT 请求
Section titled “PUT 请求”local resp, err = http_client.put("https://api.example.com/users/123", { headers = {["Content-Type"] = "application/json"}, body = json.encode({name = "Alice Smith"})})PATCH 请求
Section titled “PATCH 请求”local resp, err = http_client.patch("https://api.example.com/users/123", { body = json.encode({status = "active"})})DELETE 请求
Section titled “DELETE 请求”local resp, err = http_client.delete("https://api.example.com/users/123", { headers = {["Authorization"] = "Bearer " .. token}})HEAD 请求
Section titled “HEAD 请求”仅返回头部,无正文。
local resp, err = http_client.head("https://cdn.example.com/file.zip")local size = resp.headers["Content-Length"]local resp, err = http_client.request("PROPFIND", "https://dav.example.com/folder", { headers = {["Depth"] = "1"}})| 参数 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
method | string | HTTP 方法 |
url | string | 请求 URL |
options | table | 请求选项(可选) |
| 字段 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
headers | table | 请求头 {["Name"] = "value"} |
body | string | 请求正文 |
query | table | 查询参数 {key = "value"} |
form | table | 表单数据(自动设置 Content-Type) |
files | table | 文件上传(文件定义数组) |
cookies | table | 请求 Cookie {name = "value"} |
auth | table | Basic 认证 {user = "name", pass = "secret"} |
timeout | number/string | 超时:数字为秒,或字符串如 "30s"、"1m" |
stream | boolean | 流式响应正文而非缓冲 |
max_response_body | number | 最大响应大小(字节)(0 = 默认) |
unix_socket | string | 通过 Unix socket 路径连接 |
tls | table | 每请求 TLS 配置(参见 TLS 选项) |
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/search", { query = { q = "lua programming", page = "1", limit = "20" }})local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/data", { headers = { ["Authorization"] = "Bearer " .. token, ["Accept"] = "application/json" }})
-- Or use basic authlocal resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/data", { auth = {user = "admin", pass = "secret"}})local resp, err = http_client.post("https://api.example.com/login", { form = { username = "alice", password = "secret123" }})local resp, err = http_client.post("https://api.example.com/upload", { form = {title = "My Document"}, files = { { name = "attachment", -- form field name filename = "report.pdf", -- original filename content = pdf_data, -- file content content_type = "application/pdf" } }})| 文件字段 | 类型 | 必需 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
name | string | 是 | 表单字段名 |
filename | string | 否 | 原始文件名 |
content | string | 是* | 文件内容 |
reader | userdata | 是* | 替代方案:用于内容的 io.Reader |
content_type | string | 否 | MIME 类型(默认:application/octet-stream) |
*content 或 reader 必须提供其一。
-- Number: secondslocal resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = 30})
-- String: Go duration formatlocal resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = "30s"})local resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = "1m30s"})local resp, err = http_client.get(url, {timeout = "1h"})TLS 选项
Section titled “TLS 选项”配置每请求的 TLS 设置,用于 mTLS(双向 TLS)和自定义 CA 证书。
| 字段 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
cert | string | PEM 格式的客户端证书 |
key | string | PEM 格式的客户端私钥 |
ca | string | PEM 格式的自定义 CA 证书 |
server_name | string | 用于 SNI 验证的服务器名称 |
insecure_skip_verify | boolean | 跳过 TLS 证书验证 |
cert 和 key 必须同时提供才能使用 mTLS。ca 字段会使用自定义 CA 覆盖系统证书池。
mTLS 认证
Section titled “mTLS 认证”local cert_pem = fs.read("/certs/client.crt")local key_pem = fs.read("/certs/client.key")
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://secure.example.com/api", { tls = { cert = cert_pem, key = key_pem, }})自定义 CA
Section titled “自定义 CA”local ca_pem = fs.read("/certs/internal-ca.crt")
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://internal.example.com/api", { tls = { ca = ca_pem, server_name = "internal.example.com", }})跳过不安全验证
Section titled “跳过不安全验证”在开发环境中跳过 TLS 验证。需要 http_client.insecure_tls 安全权限。
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://localhost:8443/api", { tls = { insecure_skip_verify = true, }})| 字段 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
status_code | number | HTTP 状态码 |
body | string | 响应正文(非流式时) |
body_size | number | 正文大小(字节)(流式时为 -1) |
headers | table | 响应头 |
cookies | table | 响应 Cookie |
url | string | 最终 URL(重定向后) |
stream | Stream | 流对象(stream = true 时) |
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/data")if err then return nil, errend
if resp.status_code == 200 then local data = json.decode(resp.body) print("Content-Type:", resp.headers["Content-Type"])end对于大型响应,使用流式以避免将整个正文加载到内存中。
local resp, err = http_client.get("https://cdn.example.com/large-file.zip", { stream = true})if err then return nil, errend
-- Process in chunkswhile true do local chunk, err = resp.stream:read(65536) if err or not chunk then break end -- process chunkendresp.stream:close()| 流方法 | 返回 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
read(n?) | string, error | 读取最多 n 字节(默认:实现缓冲区大小) |
close() | boolean, error | 关闭流 |
resp.stream 是一个完整的 stream 对象——seek、stat 和 scanner 也可用。
并发执行多个请求。
local responses, errors = http_client.request_batch({ {"GET", "https://api.example.com/users"}, {"GET", "https://api.example.com/products"}, {"POST", "https://api.example.com/log", {body = "event"}}})
if errors then for i, err in ipairs(errors) do if err then print("Request " .. i .. " failed:", err) end endelse -- All succeeded for i, resp in ipairs(responses) do print("Response " .. i .. ":", resp.status_code) endend| 参数 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
requests | table | {method, url, options?} 数组 |
返回: responses, errors - 按请求位置索引的数组
注意:
- 请求并发执行
- 批量中不支持流式(
stream = true) - 结果数组与请求顺序匹配(从 1 开始索引)
URL 编码
Section titled “URL 编码”local encoded = http_client.encode_uri("hello world")-- "hello+world"
local url = "https://api.example.com/search?q=" .. http_client.encode_uri(query)local decoded, err = http_client.decode_uri("hello+world")-- "hello world"HTTP 请求受安全策略评估约束。
| 操作 | 资源 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
http_client.request | URL | 允许/拒绝对特定 URL 的请求 |
http_client.unix_socket | Socket 路径 | 允许/拒绝 Unix socket 连接 |
http_client.private_ip | IP 地址 | 允许/拒绝访问私有 IP 范围 |
http_client.insecure_tls | URL | 允许/禁止不安全的 TLS(跳过验证) |
检查访问权限
Section titled “检查访问权限”local security = require("security")
if security.can("http_client.request", "https://api.example.com/users") then local resp = http_client.get("https://api.example.com/users")endSSRF 防护
Section titled “SSRF 防护”私有 IP 范围(10.x、192.168.x、172.16-31.x、localhost)默认被阻止。访问需要 http_client.private_ip 权限。
local resp, err = http_client.get("http://192.168.1.1/admin")-- Error: not allowed: private IP 192.168.1.1参见 安全模型 了解策略配置。
| 条件 | 类型 | 可重试 |
|---|---|---|
| 安全策略拒绝 | errors.PERMISSION_DENIED | 否 |
| 私有 IP 被阻止 | errors.PERMISSION_DENIED | 否 |
| Unix socket 被拒绝 | errors.PERMISSION_DENIED | 否 |
| 不安全 TLS 被拒绝 | errors.PERMISSION_DENIED | 否 |
| 无效的 URL 或选项 | errors.INVALID | 否 |
| 无上下文 | errors.INTERNAL | 否 |
| 网络故障 | errors.INTERNAL | 是 |
| 超时 | errors.INTERNAL | 是 |
local resp, err = http_client.get(url)if err then if errors.is(err, errors.PERMISSION_DENIED) then print("Access denied:", err:message()) elseif err:retryable() then print("Temporary error:", err:message()) end return nil, errend参见 错误处理 了解错误处理方法。